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• Pixies Hollow Lagrange Ga
• Pixie Hollow Game

Pixies Hollow Lagrange Ga

Pixie Hollow, New South Wales, Australia. We can help create a fun and affordable garden to suit any budget. Gardens can be made with both real and artificial plants. DIY kits also. The Hollywood Casino Amphitheatre, originally known as World Music Theatre and formerly First Midwest Bank Amphitheatre is one of Americas premier amphitheatres. Situated in the heart of Chicago's metropolitan area, it is also one of the biggest music venues in America, boasting a capacity of 28,000.

Pixie Hollow Game

• Trojan horse (Greek mythology)

  Trojan horse, huge hollow wooden horse constructed by the Greeks to gain entrance into Troy during the Trojan War. The horse was built by Epeius, a master carpenter and pugilist. The Greeks, pretending to desert the war, sailed to the nearby island of Tenedos, leaving behind Sinon, who persuaded

• Trojan Horse of America, The (work by Dies)

  Martin Dies, Jr.: In his 1940 book, The Trojan Horse of America, Dies claimed to have surpassed the FBI in uncovering communist subversives in America.

• Trojan horse virus (computing)

  Trojan, a type of malicious computer software (malware) disguised within legitimate or beneficial programs or files. Once installed on a user’s computer system, the trojan allows the malware developer remote access to the host computer, subjecting the host computer to a variety of destructive or

• Trojan Horse, The (work by Morley)

  Christopher Morley: …other novels include the innovative The Trojan Horse (1937), a combination of prose, verse, and dramatic dialogue that satirized human devotion to luxury, and the sentimental best-seller Kitty Foyle (1939), about an office girl and a socialite youth. The Old Mandarin (1947) is a collection of witty free verse. Morley…

• Trojan planet (astronomy)

  Trojan asteroid, any one of a number of asteroids that occupy a stable Lagrangian point in a planet’s orbit around the Sun. In 1772 the French mathematician and astronomer Joseph-Louis Lagrange predicted the existence and location of two groups of small bodies located near a pair of gravitationally

• Trojan War (Greek mythology)

  Trojan War, legendary conflict between the early Greeks and the people of Troy in western Anatolia, dated by later Greek authors to the 12th or 13th century bce. The war stirred the imagination of the ancient Greeks more than any other event in their history and was celebrated in the Iliad and the

• Trojan Women (play by Euripides)

  Trojan Women, drama by Euripides, produced in 415 bce. The play is a famous and powerful indictment of the barbarous cruelties of war. It was first produced only months after the Athenians captured the city-state of Melos, butchering its men and reducing its women to slavery, and the mood of the

• Trojan Women, The (film by Cacoyannis [1971])

  Vanessa Redgrave: Oscar contender: roles from the 1960s and ’70s: …the role of Andromache in The Trojan Women and received another Oscar nomination for her work as the title character in Mary, Queen of Scots, playing opposite Glenda Jackson’s Queen Elizabeth I. Redgrave also appeared in such popular mainstream vehicles as Murder on the Orient Express (1974) and The Seven-Per-Cent…

• Trojanerkrieg, Der (poem by Konrad von Würzburg)

  Konrad von Würzburg: …on the fairy-lover theme, and Der Trojanerkrieg (The Trojan War), an account of the Trojan War. He is at his best in his shorter narrative poems, the secular romances Engelhart, Dasz Herzmaere (The Heart’s Tidings), and Keiser Otte mit dem Barte (Kaiser Otte with the Beard) and the religious legends…

• Trójumanna saga (Icelandic literature)

  Icelandic literature: Translations from Latin: …this was preceded by the Trójumanna saga (“Story of the Trojans”), translated from a supposed eyewitness account of the Trojan War attributed to the Trojan priest Dares Phrygius. A Norwegian translation of the Bible was begun in the reign (1299–1319) of Haakon V Magnusson.

• Troldhaugen (building, Bergen, Norway)

  Fana: …mast) church in Fantoft, and Troldhaugen, the home of the composer Edvard Grieg.

• troll (legendary creature)

  Troll, in early Scandinavian folklore, giant, monstrous being, sometimes possessing magic powers. Hostile to men, trolls lived in castles and haunted the surrounding districts after dark. If exposed to sunlight they burst or turned to stone. In later tales trolls often are man-sized or smaller

• Troll Circle, The (novel by Hoel)

  Sigurd Hoel: …the late novel Trollringen (1958; The Troll Circle), about a rural community’s scapegoat who is wrongly convicted of his wife’s death partly as a result of his trying to introduce new agricultural methods. Trollringen, as one critic remarked, combines a “masterly use of image and symbol” with caustic social analysis…

• Troll field (gas field, North Sea)

  Norway: Oil and gas: …toward the development of the Troll field just west of Bergen, one of the largest offshore gas fields ever found. Its development ranked as one of the world’s largest energy projects. With a water displacement of one million tons and a height of nearly 1,550 feet (475 metres), the Troll…

• Troll Garden, The (short stories by Cather)

  The Troll Garden, first short-story collection by Willa Cather, published in 1905. Publication of the collection, which contains some of her best-known work, led to Cather’s appointment as managing editor of McClure’s Magazine, a New York monthly. The stories are linked thematically by their

• Troll, Carl (German geographer)

  pre-Columbian civilizations: Agricultural adaptation: …1930s by the German geographer Carl Troll. His solution took into account a unique aspect of Andean ecology: the greatest population concentration (more than 1,000,000 people) and the highest agricultural productivity occurred around Lake Titicaca, which is some 12,500 feet above sea level. Nowhere else in the world—not even in…

• Trolle, Erik (Swedish regent)

  Sweden: Political conflict: …Denmark under the regency of Erik Trolle, whose family supported the union. Svante’s son, Sten Sture the Younger, led a coup, however, and was elected regent. Peace with Denmark was concluded in 1513.

• Trolle, Gustav Eriksson (Swedish archbishop)

  Gustav Trolle, Swedish archbishop who instigated the Stockholm Bloodbath of 1520—the mass execution of 82 Swedish nobles and bishops who had fought against union with Denmark-Norway. Trolle became archbishop of Sweden in 1514. As head of the council of state, he led the party favouring the election

• trolley bus (vehicle)

  Trolleybus, vehicle operated on the streets on rubber tires and powered by electricity drawn from two overhead wires by trolley poles. It is distinct from a trolley car, which runs on rails rather than on tires and is thus a form of streetcar. In the late 1880s a number of small transit systems

• trolley car

  Streetcar, vehicle that runs on track laid in the streets, operated usually in single units and usually driven by electric motor. Early streetcars were either horse-drawn or depended for power on storage batteries that were expensive and inefficient. In 1834 Thomas Davenport, a blacksmith from

• trolley conveyor (mechanical device)

  conveyor: In trolley conveyors an overhead rail carries a series of load-bearing containers (trolleys) that are coupled together on an endless propelling medium such as cable, chain, or other linkage. The trolleys may be hooks, magnets, or various carriers designed for the particular load to be handled.…

• Trolley Song (song)

  Meet Me in St. Louis: …songs, from the upbeat “Trolley Song” to the beautiful but sombre “Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas.”

• trolleybus (vehicle)

  Trolleybus, vehicle operated on the streets on rubber tires and powered by electricity drawn from two overhead wires by trolley poles. It is distinct from a trolley car, which runs on rails rather than on tires and is thus a form of streetcar. In the late 1880s a number of small transit systems

• trolleycar

  Streetcar, vehicle that runs on track laid in the streets, operated usually in single units and usually driven by electric motor. Early streetcars were either horse-drawn or depended for power on storage batteries that were expensive and inefficient. In 1834 Thomas Davenport, a blacksmith from

• Trollflöjten (film by Bergman)

  Drottningholm Theatre: …setting in Ingmar Bergman’s film Trollflöjten (1975; “The Magic Flute”).

• Trollhätte Canal (canal, Sweden)

  Trollhätte Canal, waterway in Sweden, first begun in 1718 and finally opened in 1800, that is now part of the Göta

• trolling (fishing)

  Trolling, method of fishing in which a lure or a bait is pulled behind a boat at varying speeds and depths according to the nature, habitat, and size of the fish being sought. Trolling is practiced in both freshwater and salt water and with all kinds of craft; power boats that carry varied tackle

• Trollius (plant)

  Globeflower, any of about 20 species of perennial herbaceous plants constituting the genus Trollius of the buttercup family, Ranunculaceae, native mostly to North Temperate Zone wetlands. The common European globeflower (T. europaeus), up to 60 cm (about 2 feet) tall, is often cultivated in moist

• Trollius europaeus (plant)

  globeflower: The common European globeflower (T. europaeus), up to 60 cm (about 2 feet) tall, is often cultivated in moist gardens and along pond edges; most of its horticultural varieties have yellow to orange ball-shaped flowers 2.5 to 5 cm (1 to 2 inches) across. Typically the dark…

• Trollius laxus (plant)

  globeflower: The American spreading globeflower (T. laxus), with greenish-yellow flowers, is native to the swamps of the eastern United States; T. laxus albiflorus is a white-flowered variety found in the northwestern United States.

• Trollius laxus albiflorus (plant)

  globeflower: …of the eastern United States; T. laxus albiflorus is a white-flowered variety found in the northwestern United States.

• Trollope, Anthony (British author)

  Anthony Trollope, English novelist whose popular success concealed until long after his death the nature and extent of his literary merit. A series of books set in the imaginary English county of Barsetshire remains his best loved and most famous work, but he also wrote convincing novels of

• Trollringen (novel by Hoel)

  Sigurd Hoel: …the late novel Trollringen (1958; The Troll Circle), about a rural community’s scapegoat who is wrongly convicted of his wife’s death partly as a result of his trying to introduce new agricultural methods. Trollringen, as one critic remarked, combines a “masterly use of image and symbol” with caustic social analysis…

• Trolls (film by Mitchell [2016])

  Justin Timberlake: For the animated film Trolls (2016), he provided the voice of one of the title characters and cowrote the Oscar-nominated song “Can’t Stop the Feeling!” In Woody Allen’s Wonder Wheel (2017), Timberlake portrayed a lifeguard on Coney Island during the 1950s who wants to become a playwright. He gained…

• Trolltunga (iceberg)

  iceberg: Iceberg distribution and drift trajectories: …instance, a large iceberg called Trolltunga calved from the Fimbul Ice Shelf near the Greenwich meridian in 1967, and it became grounded in the southern Weddell Sea for five years before continuing its drift. If a berg can break away from the coastal current (as Trolltunga had done by late…

• Trolösa (film by Ullmann [1999])

  Liv Ullmann: Kristin Lavransdatter (1995); Trolösa (1999; Faithless), for which Bergman wrote the screenplay; and Miss Julie (2014), which she adapted from August Strindberg’s play of the same name.

• tromba marina (musical instrument)

  Trumpet marine, stringed musical instrument of medieval and Renaissance Europe, highly popular in the 15th century and surviving into the 18th century. It had a long narrow body and one or two strings, which the player’s left thumb touched lightly to produce the notes of the harmonic series, as on

• Trombetas Formation (geological region, Brazil)

  Silurian Period: Tillites: Similarly, the widespread Lower Silurian Nhamunda Formation in the Amazon region of Brazil includes diamictite (a non-sorted conglomerate made up clastic material) beds consisting of highly diverse clastics related to tillites.

• Trombetas River (river, Brazil)

  Trombetas River, river in northwestern Pará state, northern Brazil. Formed by the Poana, Anamu, and other headstreams flowing from the southern slope of the Serra Acaraí on the Guyana border, the Trombetas meanders generally southward for 470 mi (760 km). It forms several lakes, including Jamari a

• Trombicula (arachnid genus)

  chigger: …East Asia certain species of Leptotrombidium carry the disease known as scrub typhus.

• Trombicula alfreddugesi (arachnid)

  chigger: …is Eutrombicula alfreddugèsi (also called Trombicula irritans). This species occurs from the Atlantic coast to the Midwest and southward to Mexico. The tiny larvae easily penetrate clothing. Once on the skin surface, they attach themselves and inject a fluid that digests tissue and causes severe itching. The surrounding tissue hardens,…

• Trombicula irritans (arachnid)

  chigger: …is Eutrombicula alfreddugèsi (also called Trombicula irritans). This species occurs from the Atlantic coast to the Midwest and southward to Mexico. The tiny larvae easily penetrate clothing. Once on the skin surface, they attach themselves and inject a fluid that digests tissue and causes severe itching. The surrounding tissue hardens,…

• Tromboncino, Bartolomeo (Italian composer)

  frottola: …important composers of frottola were Bartolomeo Tromboncino (d. c. 1535) and Marchetto Cara (d. c. 1530). At times the same person wrote both text and music.

• trombone (musical instrument)

  Trombone, brass wind musical instrument sounded by lip vibration against a cup mouthpiece. It has an extendable slide that can increase the length of the instrument’s tubing. The slide thus performs the function of the valves on other brass instruments. From the 19th century, some trombones have

• Trommeln in der Nacht (play by Brecht)

  Bertolt Brecht: …der Nacht (Kleist Preis, 1922; Drums in the Night); the poems and songs collected as Die Hauspostille (1927; A Manual of Piety, 1966), his first professional production (Edward II, 1924); and his admiration for Wedekind, Rimbaud, Villon, and Kipling.

• Tromostovje (bridge, Ljubljana, Slovenia)

  Ljubljana: …stone bridges, such as the Tromostovje (Triple Bridge), were constructed across the river.

• Tromp, Cornelis Maartenszoon (Dutch admiral)

  Cornelis Tromp, Dutch admiral, second son of Maarten Tromp. He commanded a series of actions against England, France, and Sweden. After serving as a lieutenant of his father’s ship in 1645, Cornelis became a captain in 1649. He fought the North African pirates in the Mediterranean (1650) and the

• Tromp, Maarten Harpertszoon (Dutch admiral)

  Maarten Tromp, Dutch admiral, the highest ranking sea commander (from 1636) under the stadholder during the Dutch wars with Spain and England during the first half of the 17th century. His victory over the Spanish in the Battle of the Downs (1639) signalled the passing of Spain’s power at sea. At

• trompe de chasse (musical instrument)

  horn: The large circular French hunting horn, the trompe (or cor) de chasse, appeared in about 1650; the modern orchestral, or French, horn derives from it. Still played in modern France and Belgium by huntsmen, brass bands, and horn-playing clubs, it varies in diameter and number of coils but…

• trompe l’oeil (painting)

  Trompe l’oeil, (French: “deceive the eye”) in painting, the representation of an object with such verisimilitude as to deceive the viewer concerning the material reality of the object. This idea appealed to the ancient Greeks who were newly emancipated from the conventional stylizations of earlier

• Trompe le Monde (album by Pixies)

  Pixies: …time of the release of Trompe le Monde (1991), which is generally considered the Pixies’ weakest effort.

• trompete (musical instrument)

  Trumpet, brass wind musical instrument sounded by lip vibration against a cup mouthpiece. Ethnologists and ethnomusicologists use the word trumpet for any lip-vibrated instrument, whether of horn, conch, reed, or wood, with a horn or gourd bell, as well as for the Western brass instrument. The

• Trompeter von Säkkingen, Der (work by Scheffel)

  Joseph Victor von Scheffel: …popular humorous epic poem Der Trompeter von Säckingen (1854; “The Trumpeter of Säckingen”) and historical novel Ekkehard (1855) appealed to sentimental popular taste and made him one of the most widely read German authors of his time.

• trompette (musical instrument)

  Trumpet, brass wind musical instrument sounded by lip vibration against a cup mouthpiece. Ethnologists and ethnomusicologists use the word trumpet for any lip-vibrated instrument, whether of horn, conch, reed, or wood, with a horn or gourd bell, as well as for the Western brass instrument. The

• Tromsø (Norway)

  Tromsø, town, northern Norway. It is located on two islands, Troms (Tromsøy) and Kval (Kvaløy), just west of the mainland. Because Tromsø is located well north of the Arctic Circle, the sun is visible continuously from late May to late July. The town was established about 1250 and received its

• Tromsø, University of (university, Tromsø, Norway)

  Norway: Education: …Technology, founded 1910), and the University of Tromsø (1968)—along with the University of Stavanger, the Norwegian University of Life Sciences in Ås, and the University of Agder. There are also six university-level specialized institutions (including the Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration in Bergen and the Norwegian Academy of…

• Tromyegan (river, Russia)

  Ob River: Physiography: …and receives more tributaries: the Tromyegan (right), the Great (Bolshoy) Yugan (left), the Lyamin (right), the Great Salym (left), the Nazym (right), and finally, at Khanty-Mansiysk, the Irtysh (left). In its course through the taiga, the middle Ob has a minimal gradient, a valley broadening to 18 to 30 miles…

• TRON (film by Lisberger [1982])

  Jeff Bridges: …the Disney science fiction movie TRON (1982). For his leading role as an alien who takes on the appearance of a woman’s dead husband in Starman (1984), he earned a third Oscar nomination. Bridges also starred as a former athlete searching for a female fugitive in Against All Odds (1984).…

• Tron Kirk (church, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom)

  Edinburgh: The Old Town: …also the site of the Tron Kirk (built 1637–47), Edinburgh’s second post-Reformation church and now a tourist information centre, where the North and South bridges later cut across the crest of the ridge. Almost directly across from the kirk is Anchor Close, where Smellie printed the 1787 edition of the…

• TRON: Legacy (film by Kosinski [2010])

  Jeff Bridges: …that success with the sequel TRON: Legacy (2010), in which he reprised his original role. His performance as the ornery U.S. marshal Rooster Cogburn in the Coen brothers’ western True Grit (2010) earned him his sixth Oscar nomination.

• trona (mineral)

  Trona, an evaporite mineral, hydrated sodium bicarbonate [Na3H(CO3)2·2H2O], occasionally encountered as a saline lake deposit or evaporation product and as an efflorescence on arid soil. Usually associated with natron, thermonatrite, halite, and gypsum, it occurs near Memphis, in the Lower Nile

• Tronador, Mount (mountain, South America)

  Lake Llanquihue: …border towers the great, glaciated Mount Tronador (11,660 feet [3,554 m]). The setting of the lake and good fishing have made the lakeside towns, especially Puerto Varas, Llanquihue, and Puerto Octay, popular resorts. Sawmills and a beet-sugar factory are also on its shores. Its outlet is the Maullín River, which…

• Tronc (American publishing company)

  Los Angeles Times: …company, which was eventually named Tronc.

• Trøndelag (region, Norway)

  Trøndelag, geographical region, central Norway, surrounding Trondheims Fjord. Its area of 15,978 square miles (41,383 square km) embraces the counties of Nord-Trøndelag and Sør-Trøndelag. The region is very mountainous, with only small strips of lowlands along the coast, fjords, and interior river

• Trondheim (Norway)

  Trondheim, historic port, central Norway. It lies on a sheltered peninsula on the southern shore of the deeply indented Trondheims Fjord at the mouth of the Nidelva (river), 23 miles (37 km) southeast of the Norwegian Sea. It was founded in 997 by King Olaf I Tryggvason as the village of Kaupangr;

• Trondheim, University of (university, Trondheim, Norway)

  Henning Larsen: …(unbuilt) and the University of Trondheim in Norway (first stage completed 1978, second stage completed 1994). With the Trondheim project, Larsen established ideas about light and space that he would continue to integrate into his design work throughout his career. The campus was conceived as a small city enclosed in…

• Trondheims Fjord (fjord, Norway)

  Trondheims Fjord, fjord, in the Norwegian Sea, indenting the coast of west central Norway. Extending some 80 miles (130 km) inland, it serves as a natural boundary between northern and southern Norway. Trondheims Fjord branches into many smaller fjords, the most important being Orkdalsfjorden in

• Trondheimsfjorden (fjord, Norway)

  Trondheims Fjord, fjord, in the Norwegian Sea, indenting the coast of west central Norway. Extending some 80 miles (130 km) inland, it serves as a natural boundary between northern and southern Norway. Trondheims Fjord branches into many smaller fjords, the most important being Orkdalsfjorden in

• Trongsa (Bhutan)

  Tongsa, town, fortress, and monastery, central Bhutan. It lies in the Himalayas on the Tongsa (or Mangde) River, about 5,500 feet (1,700 m) above sea level. It was the headquarters of the first hereditary maharaja of Bhutan and the historic seat of power over central and eastern Bhutan. The dzong

• tronie (painting)

  Rembrandt van Rijn: The Leiden period (1625–31): …to small-scale history paintings and tronies (single figures in historicizing, Oriental, or imaginary costumes that connote old age, piety, soldierly bravery, the Orient, transience, and so on). Tronies were not meant to be portraits, although individuals must have posed for them (among them Rembrandt himself, in the mirror). Also during…

• Tronto (river, Italy)

  Abruzzi: The principal rivers (the Tronto, Pescara, Sangro, and Trigno) drain to the Adriatic, providing irrigation in their lower courses. The course of these streams is irregular, and, because of massive deforestation on the upper slopes, floods and landslides occur frequently during the spring and fall rains.

• Troodon (dinosaur)

  dinosaur: Tetanurae: troodontids. Dromaeosaurs were medium-size predators with long, grasping arms and hands, moderately long legs, and a specialized stiffened tail that could be used for active balance control. Their feet bore large talons on one toe that were evidently used for raking and slicing prey. A…

• Troodos Mountains (mountain range, Cyprus)

  Troodos Mountains, mountain range in southern Cyprus, beginning immediately inland from Cape Arnauti. It rises to its highest point at Mount Olympus, or Khionistra (6,401 feet [1,951 metres]), about 35 miles (56 km) southwest of Nicosia, and gradually descends to narrow coastal strips on the south

• Troodos, Mount (mountain, Cyprus)

  Cyprus: Relief: The range’s summit, Mount Olympus (also called Mount Troodos), reaches an elevation of 6,401 feet (1,951 metres) and is the island’s highest point.

• troop (animal behaviour)

  macaque: Macaques live in troops of varying size. The males dominate the troop and live within a clear but shifting dominance rank order. The ranking of females is longer-lasting and depends on their genealogical position. Macaques are somewhat more arboreal than baboons but are equally at home on the…

• Trooper Peter Halketh of Mashonaland (work by Schreiner)

  Olive Schreiner: …Cecil Rhodes and his associates, Trooper Peter Halkett of Mashonaland (1897), and a widely acclaimed “bible” of the Women’s Movement, Woman and Labour (1911).

• Trooping the Colour (British military tradition)

  Trooping the Colour, traditional observance of the British monarch’s official birthday with a military ceremony and parade in London. Irrespective of the actual day upon which the sovereign was born, a Saturday in June is annually set aside to celebrate the monarch’s birth with pomp, pageantry, and

• Tropaeolaceae (plant family)

  Brassicales: Akaniaceae and Tropaeolaceae: Akaniaceae and Tropaeolaceae both have large zygomorphic flowers with eight stamens and an ovary with three compartments, with the ovules at the apex of each. Geographically and morphologically they might otherwise seem an unlikely pair.

• Tropaeolum (plant, Tropaeolum genus)

  Nasturtium, any of various annual plants of the genus Tropaeolum, in the family Tropaeolaceae, native to Mexico, Central America, and northern South America and introduced into other regions as cultivated garden plants. Nasturtium is also a genus of aquatic herbs of the family Cruciferae (see

• Tropaeolum majus (plant)

  nasturtium: Tropaeolum majus, the common nasturtium, is also known as Indian cress. The young flower buds and fruit are sometimes used as seasoning. The plant grows 2.4–3.6 metres (8–12 feet) tall, and the flowers are commonly yellow-orange with red spots or stripes. T. minus, the dwarf nasturtium, has flowers…

• Tropaeolum minus (plant)

  nasturtium: minus, the dwarf nasturtium, has flowers 3 cm (1.2 inches) across or less. T. peltophorum, the shield nasturtium, is a climbing plant with orange-red flowers about 2.5 cm (1 inch) long. T. peregrinum is commonly known as the canary creeper.

• Tropaeolum peltophorum (plant)

  nasturtium: peltophorum, the shield nasturtium, is a climbing plant with orange-red flowers about 2.5 cm (1 inch) long. T. peregrinum is commonly known as the canary creeper.

• Tropaeolum peregrinum (plant)

  Canary creeper, (species Tropaeolum peregrinum), annual climbing herb, of the family Tropaeolaceae, native to northwestern South America and introduced to other regions as a cultivated garden plant. It grows to a height of 1.8–3 m (6–10 feet). The leaves are round and deeply five-lobed. The

• Tropaeum Trajani (monument, Romania)

  Western sculpture: Age of Trajan: …frieze of a great, circular Tropaeum Trajani, set up in the Dobruja (Romania) to commemorate victories over the Dacians, contains a series of metopes (a decoration in a Doric frieze) carved with figure scenes in a naïve, flat, linear style that suggests the hands of army artists of provincial origin.

• tropaion (ancient Greek memorial)

  Trophy, (from Greek tropaion, from tropē, “rout”), in ancient Greece, memorial of victory set up on the field of battle at the spot where the enemy had been routed. It consisted of captured arms and standards hung upon a tree or stake in the semblance of a man and was inscribed with details of the

• troparion (vocal music)

  Troparion, short hymn or stanza sung in Greek Orthodox religious services. The word probably derives from a diminutive of the Greek tropos (“something repeated,” “manner,” “fashion”), with a possible analogy to the Italian ritornello (“refrain”; diminutive of ritorno, “return”). Since the 5th

• trope (rhetoric)

  figure of speech: …simile, and irony, are called tropes.

• trope (philosophy)

  epistemology: Ancient Skepticism: …issue, are known as “tropes.” The judgment that a tower is round when seen at a distance, for example, is contradicted by the judgment that the tower is square when seen up close. The judgment that Providence cares for all things, which is supported by the orderliness of the…

• trope (music)

  Trope, in medieval church music, melody, explicatory text, or both added to a plainchant melody. Tropes are of two general types: those adding a new text to a melisma (section of music having one syllable extended over many notes); and those inserting new music, usually with words, between

• trope nominalism (philosophy)

  universal: Trope nominalism: Other nominalists, so-called “trope” nominalists, follow the American philosopher Donald Cary Williams in positing an extra kind of part for things. Williams held that a round red disk, for example, has parts in addition to its concrete spatial parts, such as its upper…

• Tropenmuseum (museum, Amsterdam, Netherlands)

  museum: History museums: …Museum in London, and the Tropenmuseum (Museum of the Royal Tropical Institute) in Amsterdam. Restructuring of such collections in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, however, suggested efforts to move away from the self-other dichotomy of colonialism. Specialized ethnography museums are also to be found in provincial cities. Normally,…

• trophallaxis (zoology)

  hymenopteran: General features: Trophallaxis, or the mutual exchange of food between larvae and adults of bees, ants, and wasps, has been of special interest to hymenopterists. Hyperparasitism—the parasitic habit of one species upon another parasitic species—has also attracted attention. Polyembryony, the development of many individuals (as many as…

• Trophées, Les (work by Heredia)

  José Maria de Heredia: …longer pieces were published as Les Trophées (1893). These poems capture in verse a fugitive moment of history (usually classical or Renaissance) or else some objet d’art (a vase, a coin, an ornate book binding), usually in one startling image. A selection of his poems in English translation was published…

• trophic cascade (ecology)

  Trophic cascade, an ecological phenomenon triggered by the addition or removal of top predators and involving reciprocal changes in the relative populations of predator and prey through a food chain, which often results in dramatic changes in ecosystem structure and nutrient cycling. In a

• trophic factor (biochemistry)

  human nervous system: Neuronal development: …a target cell releases a trophic factor (e.g., nerve growth factor) that is essential for the survival of the neuron synapsing with it. Physical guidance cues are involved in contact guidance, or the migration of immature neurons along a scaffold of glial fibres.

• trophic hormone (endocrinology)

  hormone: Hormones of the pituitary gland: The action of such tropic hormones can be understood only in the light of the mode of function of the endocrine glands they regulate.

• trophic level (ecology)

  Trophic level, step in a nutritive series, or food chain, of an ecosystem. The organisms of a chain are classified into these levels on the basis of their feeding behaviour. The first and lowest level contains the producers, green plants. The plants or their products are consumed by the

• trophic pyramid (ecology)

  Trophic pyramid, the basic structure of interaction in all biological communities characterized by the manner in which food energy is passed from one trophic level to the next along the food chain. The base of the pyramid is composed of species called autotrophs, the primary producers of the

• trophism (biology)

  human disease: Health versus disease: …(the process is known as hypertrophy). This occurs in certain forms of heart disease, especially in those involving long-standing high blood pressure or structural defects of the heart valves. A large heart, therefore, may be a sign of disease. On the other hand, it is not uncommon for athletes to…

• trophoblast (embryology)

  blastocyst: …now referred to as the trophoblast. It does not contribute directly to the formation of the embryo but rather serves to establish a connection with the maternal uterus. It is a precursor of the placenta.